Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is one of the most devastating yet entirely preventable conditions affecting children worldwide.
FAS is caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Alcohol crosses the placenta and reaches the developing baby, interfering with normal growth and brain development. This can result in lifelong physical, behavioural, and cognitive impairments.
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), alcohol use during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, and a range of disabilities collectively known as Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).
FAS is the most severe form of FASD. Children born with this condition suffer from learning difficulties, behavioural problems, impaired memory and attention, delayed social and motor skills, facial abnormalities, and growth deficiencies. These effects are permanent and irreversible. However, they are also 100% preventable.
Alcohol use during pregnancy contributes significantly to developmental disabilities and birth defects. While exact prevalence rates of FASD in Gauteng are not well documented, the Gauteng Department of Health (GDoH) has emphasised the urgent need to combat alcohol use during pregnancy and protect future generations.
"There is no safe level of alcohol during pregnancy. Even small amounts can harm your baby's brain, body, and future potential. Whether you are pregnant, trying to conceive, or breastfeeding, the safest choice is to avoid alcohol completely. Choosing a healthy pregnancy means refraining from alcohol," said MEC for Health and Wellness, Nomantu Nkomo-Ralehoko.
FASD can affect a child's ability to learn, grow, and thrive for the rest of their life. Women who are planning to conceive or are already pregnant are urged to make informed choices and seek support early.
In addition, it is important that pregnant women visit their local clinic or community health centre during pregnancy for free antenatal care services. Presenting in the early stages help detect problems already present or those that may develop during pregnancy. Early attendance also ensures that both mother and baby receive the best possible start, with timely interventions and education that can prevent complications.
Moreover, the GDoH regularly conducts public health campaigns, community education, and support services to prevent FASD and promote maternal and child health.